publication number DE102009028374 (A1)
Release date: 2011-02-17
Inventor: MALLEBREIN GEORG [DE]; Bethmann ANDREAS [DE] + (MALLEBREIN, GEORG; Bethmann, ANDREAS)
Applicant: BOSCH GMBH ROBERT [DE] + (ROBERT BOSCH GMBH)
Classification:
International: B60W10/06; B60W10/08; B60W20/00; F02B77/08; G01M17/007
European: B60K6/48; B60W10/06; B60W10/08; B60W20/00; B60W50/04
Application number: 20,090,810 DE200910028374
Priority number (n ): 20,090,810 DE200910028374
The EPA is not responsible for the accuracy of data originating from other authorities than the EPO, and thus in particular not liable for its completeness, timeliness or fitness for a particular purpose. Information, please refer to the respective patent authorities.
translate this text description of DE 102009028374 (A1)
art
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for adapting and / or diagnosis of arranged in a hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine, which forms at least a secondary machine, a drive unit and a device for carrying out the process.
[0002] Vehicles with a hybrid power structure have an internal combustion engine and a secondary machine, usually an electric motor on. Thus, the drive torque to be applied during the driving operation of the hybrid vehicle of the two drive units. In such a hybrid vehicle, the engine with the secondary machine is mechanically coupled. This coupling, either directly or through a gearbox. Trained as an electric motor Secondary machine can either be operated as a motor or a generator. When energy storage is a high-voltage battery available, which is discharged in the use of the electric motor as a drive or drive train is loaded in the generator operation.
[0003] A diagnosis or an adaptation of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle today is limited in that only certain load conditions of the engine can be started on a rig. Furthermore, a start-up of certain operating points can only be achieved through testing, leading to long diagnosis times.
disclosure of the invention
[0004] The inventive method for adapting and / or Diagnosis of arranged in a hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine having the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a faster and easier adaptation and / or diagnostic procedures of the internal combustion engine is possible. The fact that is brought up to set various operating conditions of the engine through the secondary machine, a positive or negative drive torque to the combustion engine and at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine in a selected operating point is determined is, especially in the workshop environment, a significant reduction of the diagnostic effort. The inventive method is in principle applicable to all hybrid vehicles, regardless of in which the Vehicle speed of the engine through one or more secondary machine is driven. It is under a positive driving torque, a contribution of the secondary machine also understood the drive torque of the engine to propel the vehicle while it is a negative drive torque to a braking torque is, which opposed the secondary machine generates the drive torque of the engine.
[0005] By connecting a known load (braking torque) or a known drive moment, a number of new diagnostics feasible.
[0006] Advantageously, the secondary machine is designed as an electric motor, which is a negative Drive torque to the self-running internal combustion engine applies. The electric motor acts as a generator and charge the internal combustion engine with an additional braking torque. The engine operates at an increased load and thus is in a state in which he delivers from the combustion of fuel energy that is converted into a driving movement of the hybrid vehicle. With such a high load of the internal combustion engine that operates at higher air mass flow rates, which are used for adaptation and / or diagnostic purposes.
[0007] In one embodiment, the adaptation and / or diagnosis of the engine at high loads in the steady operation of the hybrid vehicle performed, in which the drive unit is coupled by a drive train of the hybrid vehicle. Since this mode is set the internal combustion engine without a movement of the vehicle, eliminates time-consuming tests, which leads to a shortening of diagnostic and adaptation times.
[0008] In a development, adaptation and / or diagnosis in a moving operation of the hybrid vehicle made by at an unchanged driver request torque of the electric motor through the intrusion of negative driving torque of the operating point of the engine shifts to higher loads. Thus, for brief periods during the driving operation of the operating point of the engine from the optimum, by the driver given operating point deviation to allow a diagnosis or to improve. This is done while maintaining the set of the driver's torque, so that the rider feels no impact of the diagnosis.
[0009] Furthermore, be approached during the steady operation of the hybrid vehicle, especially on a bench in a workshop, as the operating points of the engine several load points by the electric motor, and on each load point one is traced in the vehicle stored driving condition and an onboard diagnostic through the hybrid vehicle, as they usually stattfindt during vehicle operation. To verify of error entries that have resulted in driving and saved, were in the workshop which is repeated during operations generated diagnoses to obtain a more specific reference to possible sources of error. The method is also suitable for a quick check of whether the repair was successful in the workshop.
[0010] Advantageously, set in the respective load points at a higher load an accurate operating window for a mix-and air-filled adaptation. are in contrast to today's options, where only idle near areas diagnosed, not only adaptation separated areas, also allows the operating point at a approached higher load and checked.
[0011] In one embodiment, the respective load points at a higher load at least one of a cylinder misfire rate determines the internal combustion engine. With the exact start of the operating points used as load points every time a reproduction of the misfire error is possible.
[0012] In a further development of the electric motor, its entire torque curve passes over the speed, and at decreasing dropout rate, which is determined by the load of the engine is closed to a fault in the ignition, and at a constant misfire rate of the load of A failure in the fuel injection assumed is. Thus it can be closed even after production of the desired operational status based on the dropout rate by an additional measurement error to the error. This is a diagnostic possibility, which so far in this simplicity was not yet available.
[0013] In another embodiment, for leak testing of a turbocharger system, the drive unit, the speed of the electric motor to be increased as long as the drive torque of the electric motor is greater than the torque of the driven by the electric motor, internal combustion engine, a recorded while the speed increase boost pressure characteristic with a desired characteristic compared. A deviation of the recorded Boost pressure characteristic of the desired characteristic is closed to a leak of the turbo system or a fault in the turbine, what with the present method is very easy to determine. A turbocharger to increase the performance of the form of a piston engine combustion engine by increasing the mixture flow rate (fuel / air flow) per cycle, which is achieved by a compressor in the intake tract. The compressor is driven by a gas turbine that uses the energy of the exhaust gases.
[0014] Advantageously, adjusted for a diagnosis of open throttle air system as operating points by the electric motor, different speeds of the engine and a measured or calculated air mass flow compared with an expected air mass flow. Because of this simple procedure can using a single sensor, in particular a hot-film air mass meter, statements regarding the operating state of the air system are made. The air mass flow can be calculated with reference to the results of two pressure sensors in the intake manifold pressure. The measured or calculated air mass flow can be improved by a correction factor is included to account for the ambient pressure and suction.
[0015] In a further development of the electric motor designed as a secondary machine turns off the internal combustion engine on a positive and a negative driving torque. Taking advantage of the facts, that the moments of the electric motor are always easily measurable and reproducible, are thus new adaptation and / or diagnostic procedures used.
[0016] In one embodiment, preferably at a fixed operating point of the engine rotational speed, an actual relative air mass in the cylinders of the engine and compared with a predetermined relative air mass, the actual relative air mass is adjusted by an air filling correction factor, which the actual relative air mass only has a fuel defect rate. This has the advantage that can be separated easily mistake an air mass from a fuel error in the measurement result, which has a much more detailed analysis of the effect.
[0017] The acts of the electric motor which no separate drive torque producing combustion engine with a positive drive torque, the positive drive torque of the electric motor is measured and then brought up in the same operating point of the internal combustion engine, the independently operating internal combustion engine by the electric motor, a negative drive torque, which also measured, being determined by the internal combustion engine running drive torque is measured from the negative driving torque and the measured positive drive torque of the electric motor, which is determined by means of a characteristic field, the actual relative air mass. The accurate measurement of the moments of the electric motor allows an exact reproduction of any of the results by a specific operating point adjustment, which allows the implementation of such a diagnosis.
[0018] Preferably, adaptation to new processes and / or diagnoses are permitted if the electric motor designed as a secondary machine, a positive drive torque to the drive itself is not a private moment emitting combustion engine applies. While the engine is rotated by only mechanical means of the electric motor, which is called the towing operation, and outputs due to the lack of ignition not have a driving torque.
[0019] In one embodiment, a new diagnostic method for compression testing of cylinders made of the internal combustion engine, the electric motor, the engine simply by turning mechanically and with waiver of an injection of a fuel, the air compressed in the cylinders and is a signal of a measured by the cylinder moving crankshaft, with a less volatile crankshaft signal or . will be closed at a lower compression applied by the motor torque to a fault, while a more fluctuating crankshaft signal, the compression of the cylinder is considered to be error free. This diagnosis is possible because the electric motor as opposed to the usual starter no quick speeds but very low Speeds can adjust. This operating areas of an internal combustion engine, which so far adaptation and / or diagnostic purposes were not available.
[0020] By means of a compression test is also a diagnosis of a cylinder cut-off possible, as disconnected in the cylinder charge cycle in the upper dead center of the cylinder having a compression. This is about the speed of the electric motor or an evaluation of the compression torque of the electric motor can be determined.
[0021] Advantageously, in a boost pressure test, the increase of the electric motor to the engine drive torque applied positive about the speed of the electric motor, the boost pressure curve is taken of the turbo system of the engine and compared with a given target curve. For example, a towed turbo engine's boost pressure characteristics is analyzed over the speed and leaks in pipes or in the bypass valve in the exhaust stream diagnosed. For this diagnosis a separate boost pressure target curve is to be taken, because in contrast to the independent operation of the internal combustion engine, the Abgasenthalphie missing. Since no combustion noises occur, this test method is much quieter than previously known.
[0022] In a further embodiment leads to a measurement of air mass flow rate in an exhaust gas recirculation, the electric motor at a constant low Speed, the positive drive torque to the combustion engine, gradually opened at approximately closed throttle, an exhaust gas recirculation valve and is evaluated, the air mass flow in the intake manifold behind the throttle valve arranged. The measurement can be performed by omission of a limitation due to combustible gases and corresponding temperature tolerances without a correction of the measurement results. This diagnosis is always repeated with reproducible results.
[0023] In a further transfer to the diagnosis of the air system at full throttle, the electric motor in a constantly changing speed, the positive drive torque to the internal combustion engine and the expected air mass flow is compared with the measured or calculated air mass flow. Since no combustion occurs in the internal combustion engine, the distortion of results due to temperature fluctuations is negligible. In addition, this measurement method is very quiet because it runs in non-ignited internal combustion engine. In addition, the measurement method in a fully open throttle carried out deliberately, in a state of driving the vehicle, particularly at low speeds does not occur often.
[0024] Advantageously, a Reibmomentendiagnose carried out at least one cylinder of the engine by the positive drive torque which the electric motor on the combustion engine transmits, is measured and will be closed if it exceeds a predetermined positive drive torque to a too high friction in the cylinder of the engine A setting of a piston in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine can therefore be detected very quickly. Also, a diagnosis of the driving power of auxiliary units such as a snapshot of the climate system or the generator is possible.
[0025] A further embodiment of the invention relates to a device for adaptation and / or diagnosis of arranged in a hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine, which forms a secondary machine, a drive unit.
[0026] To a faster and easier to enable adaptation and / or diagnostic procedures of the internal combustion engine, means are provided which set different operating modes of the internal combustion engine by is brought up by the secondary motor is a positive or negative drive torque to the combustion engine and is determined at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine in a given operating point. This is specifically achieved in the workshop environment, a significant reduction of the diagnostic effort, as previously known diagnoses can be made faster by eliminating previously required testing. Forms can also be introduced due to the variable setting of the operating conditions of the engine new diagnostic procedures. An exact reproduction of test results at any time by a targeted operating point setting of the engine. Especially with diagnoses for higher loads, a diagnosis of the fuel supply system for the separation of additive and multiplicative tolerances.
[0027] The invention permits numerous embodiments. One of these will be illustrated by the figure shown in the drawing.
[0028] In the drawings:
[0029] 1: Schematic illustration of a vehicle with a hybrid drive
[0030] 1 configured as a parallel hybrid hybrid car shows. This training is an electric motor 1 on the drive shaft 2 of an internal combustion engine 3 is arranged. The internal combustion engine 3 is connected via a clutch 4 with the electric motor 1. The electric motor 1 via a torque converter clutch 5 to a 6 which is connected to a transmission 7. The gear 7 is performed on an axle 8, on which the wheels are arranged 9, 10, driven by the described drive train.
[0031] The electric motor 1 by a high-voltage battery 11 supplied with energy, which is connected via an inverter 12 with the electric motor 1. Are controlled by the electric motor 1 and the internal combustion engine 3 of a control unit 13. The controller 13 includes memory 14, in which curves for different operating parameters are stores as well as current operating parameters are stored for further processing. To this end, control unit 13 is connected to a variety not shown in sensors. To determine the positive or negative driving torque of the electric motor 1 is arranged on this, a current sensor 15 that measures in all operating states of the electric motor 1, its current consumption, which is supplied to the control unit 13 to calculate the drive torque.
[0032] To the internal combustion engine 3 to be examined for possible error situations are carried out either in the workshop or during driving diagnoses or adaptations. In a diagnostic checks, whether a predetermined operating parameter is also set by the internal combustion engine 3 actually takes place while an adaptation of a long-term monitoring of individual operating parameters and an indication of the monitored operating parameter and thus an error pattern is determined.
[0033] For the adaptation and / or diagnosis of the engine 3, the use of the clutch 4 with the internal combustion engine 3 connected electric motor 1, the clutch 4 is closed. Furthermore, it should now be assumed that the vehicle is on a bench in a workshop. To prevent the driving of the hybrid vehicle, the clutch 5 is opened, whereby the internal combustion engine 3 and the electric motor 1 from the drive train 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the hybrid vehicle are separate. To the control unit 13, a diagnostic control device is attached 16, which the controller 13 causes the combustion engine 3 and to drive the electric motor 1 in various operating conditions.
[0034] In a first operating mode the internal combustion engine is ignited 1, which gives this self-drive torque. The electric motor 1 is operated as a generator, which produces the electric motor 1 of the internal combustion engine 3 generates drive torque opposite drive torque and braking thus the combustion engine 3. This is the engine load 3 and a motor to operate at higher Air mass flow rates possible. Thus, diagnoses at higher loads and speeds of the engine 1 are possible without moving the vehicle.
[0035] By means of such a generator in a load by the electric motor 1, different operating points of the internal combustion engine 3 approached and, depending on operating records the Zündaussetzerrate the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 3. To this end, control unit 13 controls the electric motor 1 in such a way that it goes through its torque characteristic over its entire speed range, the Zündaussetzerrate the braked the electric motor of an internal combustion engine 3 is measured. If the Zündaussetzerrate from over the speed of the electric motor 1, it is found that is present in the combustion engine 3 is an ignition problem. This conclusion is based primarily on the fact that the ignition voltage increases with increasing load. Connect the load increases above the speed of the electric motor 1 is almost identical to Zündaussetzerraten, it is considered a problem in the supply of fuel and / or the air mass.
[0036] In another case initiated by the diagnosis control device 16, a second operating state in which the electric motor acts an internal combustion engine 3, alternating with a positive driving torque and a negative driving torque. This means that the electric motor is used both as a drive motor as a generator is.
[0037] In this operating condition can be particularly easily perform a diagnosis by means of which an air mass error can be separated from a fuel error. This is a first step in which the combustion engine 3 does not fire and therefore the electric motor 1, which operates at a predetermined speed, only mechanically driven, dragged ie, measured the torque of the electric motor 1, which allows a statement that moment must be spent to ensure that the engine rotates third
[0038] In a second step, the combustion engine 3 is started. There will be firings, the cylinder of the engine 3 and the enable these tailed crankshaft in motion, creating a positive driving torque is applied by the internal combustion engine 3. For the adjusted operating point of the engine 3, the following conditions are necessary: fixed speed of the electric motor 1, constant intake manifold of the engine 1, the oxygen efficiency is set to 1 and the ignition angle is assumed to be optimal. The torque measurement of the electric motor 1 via the power consumption of the sensor 15
[0039] In this state of the internal combustion engine 3, the electric motor acts as a brake machine, by applying a negative drive torque to the combustion engine 3. The electric motor 1 has the same speed as In the first step. Here also the negative driving torque of the electric motor 1 is measured.
[0040] To the internal combustion engine 3 indicated torque to determine the difference from the negative driving torque of the electric motor 1, which was determined in the second step and the positive drag torque of the electric motor 1, which was measured in the first step, is formed. Based on the indicated torque of the engine is determined from a characteristic of an expected relative air mass, which relative to the actual air mass that is determined, for example by means of a hot-film air mass meter, compared. Mathematically, the difference between the expected and the actual relative air mass by means of a Air charge adjusted correction factor in determining the mixture, so that only leaves a fuel mixture error component in the determination.
[0041] In a third operating condition, the electric motor is used as a motor and are therefore at a positive drive torque to the combustion engine 3. The electric motor 1 towed to this, without the internal combustion engine 3 itself generated by burning a positive driving torque. In this mode allows the tightness of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 3 easily control. To this end, the electric motor puts such a moment to the internal combustion engine 3, which only leads to spin the engine 3 at very low speeds. This means that the pistons leakage of the cylinder at present are moved more slowly. A poor compression reduces the compression torque of the electric motor, but especially the back expansion given moment. This results in a greater burden on the middle of the electric motor when the compression performance is reduced.
[0042], omitting the injection is compressed in this diagnosis, only the air mass. Consider a time window that the movement of the piston of a cylinder to top dead center of the cylinder, in which takes place at a filling with fuel, usually the ignition of the combustion engine 3 are considered. This is the time window that is produced by the combustion engine 3 Torque measured by a signal is measured at the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 3. Is the torque constant over the time window, so the engine runs smoothly, is closed on an error. Varies directly measured the torque of the engine 3 within the time window during compression, ie it is smaller in the one-time window larger or in a different time frame, it is concluded that present in the combustion engine 3, no leaks.
[0043] The inventive method can be used not only for parallel hybrids, but in all hybrid drives, in which the internal combustion engine independently of the speed of the vehicle one or more electric motors is driven, so even with serial and power-split hybrid propulsion systems.
method and apparatus for adaptation and / or diagnosis of arranged in a hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine
Technical and scientific translations
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